Investigated the ecological and human health impacts of microplastics through an in-depth literature review. The paper analyzed how microplastics distribute through aquatic environments, accumulate in marine species, and enter the human food chain via bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Key findings discussed their effects on fish growth, neurological health, and reproduction, as well as potential risks to humans such as immune stress, toxic chemical transport, and reproductive health concerns. The research highlighted critical gaps in current knowledge and emphasized the need for long-term studies and standardized methods to address this growing environmental challenge.